Cochineal Dye

Description

Cochineal Dye Extract is a powerful natural colorant extracted from the dried bodies of the cochineal insect (Dactylopius coccus), which feeds exclusively on prickly pear cacti in Central and South America. Revered for its intensity, cochineal yields a stunning range of colors from brilliant scarlets and pinks to rich purples and deep crimson, depending on mordant and pH. Its active compound, carminic acid, offers exceptional strength, brilliance, and lightfastness, particularly on protein fibers like silk and wool. This dye is prized by artists, textile conservators, and luxury dyers for its beauty, versatility, and unmatched vibrancy.

Recommended Use

Use at 5–8% WOF for medium saturation; increase for deeper shades. Dissolve in hot water before adding to dye bath. Shifting the pH or adding specific mordants allows for extensive variation in tone. Ideal for use on wool, silk, and cotton (with proper mordanting), and perfect for overdyeing or botanical color layering.

Historical Significance

Cochineal was once the most precious red dye in the world, second only to gold in value in colonial Spain. Used by the Aztecs and Maya in ritual textiles and fine art, cochineal became a major export after the Spanish conquest, transforming European dyeing, painting, and manuscript illumination. It was used in the robes of cardinals, royal garments, and the fine tapestries of Flanders and Italy. Its permanence and brilliance secured its status among the elite pigments of the pre-industrial world.

Dye Details

Name: Carminic acid from Dactylopius coccus

Origin: Peru

Dye Type: Insect-derived extract

Recommended Fibers: Silk, wool, cotton, linen, and blends

Lightfastness: Excellent on protein fibers; good on cellulose with proper mordant

Mordants & Modifiers:

Alum – bright scarlet and deep pinks

Tin – intensified fire reds

Iron – burgundy, purple, blackberry tones

Copper – muted red-purples

Cream of Tartar – softens and warms color

Citric or Tartaric Acid – brightens reds toward fuchsia

Alkaline pH – deepens into magenta and purple

Packaging

Available in resealable, eco-friendly kraft pouches. Instructions for modern and historical dye baths included.