Smalt Deep Fine

Description

Smalt Deep Fine (PB32) is a handmade single-pigment smalt composed of cobalt silicate glass ground to a fine particle size. It produces a deep, historic blue with a cool, slightly gray–mineral undertone and a rich masstone. Compared to modern cobalt or phthalo blues, this pigment is lower in chroma and much more transparent, offering a softly weathered, Old Master blue rather than a high-intensity modern color.

In use, Smalt Deep Fine gives a subtle, atmospheric blue ideal for historical palettes, skies, distant architecture, drapery, and veiled glazes in landscape and figurative work. It has low tinting strength and a transparent to semi-opaque character, so it is easily overpowered in mixtures but excels when used in generous, textured passages or layered over more opaque undercolors. The “Deep Fine” grind balances a darker tone with smoother handling: finer than coarse smalt for more even washes, yet still visibly granulating for distinctive crystalline texture.

This potassium cobalt glass pigment is chemically stable as a glass but historically known to be more reliable in fresco and water-based media than in oil, where very long-term discoloration can occur. In artist’s colors it offers a uniquely historical, mineral blue that serves as a subtle mixer and a characteristic statement color for work inspired by Renaissance and Baroque techniques.

History

Smalt is one of the earliest cobalt-derived blues and was widely used in European painting from the 15th to the 18th centuries as an affordable substitute for natural ultramarine. It is made by melting silica (quartz), potash, and cobalt-bearing ores into a deep blue glass, then quenching and grinding the frit into pigment. Different grades were historically classified by particle size, with coarser grinds giving deeper blues and finer grinds producing paler, more delicate tones.

Painters of the Northern and Italian Renaissance, as well as Dutch and Flemish masters, frequently used smalt in skies, draperies, and glazes, often in combination with ultramarine. Over time, however, some smalt-containing oil paintings were observed to fade or gray due to interactions between the potassium-rich glass and the oil binder. With the 19th-century introduction of synthetic ultramarine and cobalt aluminate blues, smalt largely fell out of regular use and survived mainly in glassmaking, ceramics, and conservation work. Modern artist-grade smalt revives this historic pigment for those seeking its unmistakable mineral texture and softly aged blue character.

Health and Safety

Precautions:

Keep out of reach of children and pets.

Do not consume.

Not for cosmetic or food usage.

Do not spray apply.

For further health information contact a poison control center.

Use care when handling dry pigments and avoid dust formation.

Use particular caution with fibrous, fine, or toxic pigments.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke near dry pigments.

Avoid breathing in pigment dust and use a NIOSH-certified dust respirator with sufficient rating for dry pigment.

Wash hands immediately after use or handling.

If dust is likely, always wear protective clothing to keep out of eyes, lungs, off skin, and out of any contact as well as keep area ventilated.

This product may contain chemicals known by the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or reproductive harm.

Warnings and bottle information are abbreviated.

Pigment Information

Pigment Type: Synthetic (Inorganic) potassium cobalt silicate glass (smalt)

Suitable Mediums: Watercolor, Gouache, Tempera, Acrylic, Lime / Fresco, Ceramic applications; historically more variable in Oil

Lightfastness: Good

Opacity: Transparent to semi-opaque

Other Names: Smalt Deep Fine, Smalt, Potassium Cobalt Silicate Blue

Color Index Code: PB32